1 line
742 B
Markdown
1 line
742 B
Markdown
This paper critically reviews the history of programming languages for music by referring discussions from sound studies, aiming to describe this history decoupled from computer music as a genre/community. The paper focuses on the universalism around Pulse-Code Modulation (PCM) and Unit Generator concept established by MUSIC-N family, which actually made lineage of role between composer and scientists which tends to turn composers into consumers. The paper concludes that programming languages for music developed after the 2000s function as a means of presenting alternatives to the often-invisible technological infrastructures surrounding music, such as formats and protocols, rather than solely aiming to create novel musical styles. |